Clubbing: Inflammatory bowel disease, pulmonary malignancy, asbestosis, chronic bronchitis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, atrioventricular
malformation and fistulas
Koilonychia (spoon nails) : Iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, Raynaud’s disease, systemic lupus disease, trauma, nail-patella syndrome
Onycholysis: Psoriasis, infection, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, trauma, amyloidosis, connective tissue
disorders
Pitting: Psoriasis, Reiter’s syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, alopecia areata
Beau’s lines : Any severe systemic illness that disrupts nail growth, Raynaud’s disease,
pemphigus, trauma
Yellow nail: Lymphedema, pleural effusion, immunodeficiency, bronchiectasis, sinusitis,
rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, thyroiditis, tuberculosis, Raynaud’s disease
obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, atrioventricular
malformation and fistulas
Koilonychia (spoon nails) : Iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, Raynaud’s disease, systemic lupus disease, trauma, nail-patella syndrome
Onycholysis: Psoriasis, infection, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, trauma, amyloidosis, connective tissue
disorders
Pitting: Psoriasis, Reiter’s syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, alopecia areata
Beau’s lines : Any severe systemic illness that disrupts nail growth, Raynaud’s disease,
pemphigus, trauma
Yellow nail: Lymphedema, pleural effusion, immunodeficiency, bronchiectasis, sinusitis,
rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, thyroiditis, tuberculosis, Raynaud’s disease