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Pathology definition - Viral hepatitis
liver with irregular nodular appearance ( viral hepatitis)
Viral hepatitis
Viral infected hepatitis may be divided into acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis.
Acute hepatitis usually involved all strain of hepatitis virus such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus ( common in drug user), Hepatitis D virus. Chronic hepatitis involved hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis D virus.
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis D virus are transmitted through blood ( blood borne virus). Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus are transmitted through the fecal oral route.
There is a strong association in developing hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in case of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus.
In chronic case of hepatitis there is a bridging fibrosis of the periportal region and portal region. The liver is cirrhotic in nature, with nodules irregular in nature and fibrous septa . Lymphoid aggregation may also present.
In acute case of hepatitis, there are a hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells,inflammation of the portal tract, cholestasis ( the liver appear green), aggregation of macrophage and bridging necrosis. Besides that there is a ground glass of hepatocytes and swelling of the hepatocytes. The liver appear red in color and enlarged in nature.
Treatment may include alpha interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis B virus or vaccination in case of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus.
Patient with viral hepatitis may present with serology marker. In this case, IgM antibody to Hepatitis A virus infection indicates active infection.The present of IgG antibody to Hepatitis A virus infection indicates old infection and protective in nature. Infection and carrier states are indicates by the present of Hepatitis B surface antigen. Immunity to the hepatitis B virus infection is indicated by the present of antibody to hepatitis B virus. The present of antibody against to hepatitis B e antigen indicates low transmission. The present of acute disease during window period can be diagnosed by the present of IgM antibody against the hepatitis B core antigen.
Liver enzyme such as ALT and AST levels may be elevated in cases of viral hepatitis.
References
1.Lau, Johnson, Xiaoming Xie, Michael Lai, and P. Wu. “Apoptosis and Viral Hepatitis.” Seminars in Liver Disease 18, no. 02 (March 17, 2008): 169–176. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007152.
2.Rl, Peters. “Viral Hepatitis: a Pathologic Spectrum.” The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 270, no. 1 (December 1974): 17–31.
Viral infected hepatitis may be divided into acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis.
Acute hepatitis usually involved all strain of hepatitis virus such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus ( common in drug user), Hepatitis D virus. Chronic hepatitis involved hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis D virus.
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis D virus are transmitted through blood ( blood borne virus). Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus are transmitted through the fecal oral route.
There is a strong association in developing hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in case of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus.
In chronic case of hepatitis there is a bridging fibrosis of the periportal region and portal region. The liver is cirrhotic in nature, with nodules irregular in nature and fibrous septa . Lymphoid aggregation may also present.
In acute case of hepatitis, there are a hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells,inflammation of the portal tract, cholestasis ( the liver appear green), aggregation of macrophage and bridging necrosis. Besides that there is a ground glass of hepatocytes and swelling of the hepatocytes. The liver appear red in color and enlarged in nature.
Treatment may include alpha interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis B virus or vaccination in case of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus.
Patient with viral hepatitis may present with serology marker. In this case, IgM antibody to Hepatitis A virus infection indicates active infection.The present of IgG antibody to Hepatitis A virus infection indicates old infection and protective in nature. Infection and carrier states are indicates by the present of Hepatitis B surface antigen. Immunity to the hepatitis B virus infection is indicated by the present of antibody to hepatitis B virus. The present of antibody against to hepatitis B e antigen indicates low transmission. The present of acute disease during window period can be diagnosed by the present of IgM antibody against the hepatitis B core antigen.
Liver enzyme such as ALT and AST levels may be elevated in cases of viral hepatitis.
References
1.Lau, Johnson, Xiaoming Xie, Michael Lai, and P. Wu. “Apoptosis and Viral Hepatitis.” Seminars in Liver Disease 18, no. 02 (March 17, 2008): 169–176. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007152.
2.Rl, Peters. “Viral Hepatitis: a Pathologic Spectrum.” The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 270, no. 1 (December 1974): 17–31.
