Surgery Definition - How cardiovascular risk is assessed pre operatively?
Clinical risk of cardiovascular problem is justified by the patient suffering from recent case of myocardial infarction within a month, decompensated congestive cardiac failure, unstable angina, valvular disease, high grade AV block, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias and uncontrolled rate of supraventricular arrhythmias.
Surgical risk of cardiovascular problem is high in cases of emergency, prolonged operation with fluid exchange and aortic or peripheral vascular surgery. Intermediate surgical risk of cardiac problem may occur in urologic surgery, thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery and any abdominal, head and neck surgery. Surgical procedure such as cataract surgery or endoscopic procedure carry less cardiac risk.
Functional risk is detected with association with patient with cardiovascular complication. Patient need to be assessed in terms of functional capacity, daily activities and walking distance.jogging and climbing stair.
Test and investigations are required for patient with cardiovascular problem such as full blood count, urea an electrolyte, blood sugar level, urine dipstick, ECG, chest X ray, echocardiogram, dobutamine stress echo, exercise tolerance test, 24 hour tape monitoring and dipyridamole thallium imaging.
Surgical risk of cardiovascular problem is high in cases of emergency, prolonged operation with fluid exchange and aortic or peripheral vascular surgery. Intermediate surgical risk of cardiac problem may occur in urologic surgery, thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery and any abdominal, head and neck surgery. Surgical procedure such as cataract surgery or endoscopic procedure carry less cardiac risk.
Functional risk is detected with association with patient with cardiovascular complication. Patient need to be assessed in terms of functional capacity, daily activities and walking distance.jogging and climbing stair.
Test and investigations are required for patient with cardiovascular problem such as full blood count, urea an electrolyte, blood sugar level, urine dipstick, ECG, chest X ray, echocardiogram, dobutamine stress echo, exercise tolerance test, 24 hour tape monitoring and dipyridamole thallium imaging.