Pathology definition - Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes insipidus
There are two forms of diabetes insipidus. These are known as central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Central diabetes insipidus / cranial diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of the secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. The common causes include traumatic damage to the hypothalamus or carcinomatous lesion. Synthetic vasopressin is considered as the treatment of choice in patient with cranial diabetes insipidus.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of response of the kidney to ADH. This occurs due to defects in the ADH receptor in the kidney. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with hypercalcemia , inherited disorders or the intake of drugs such as demeclocyline or lithium. Low sodium diet and hydration are considered in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Patient may present with signs of dehydration,polyuria and polydipsia.
Pathologically diabetes insipidus may lead to the inability to retain water which lead to an increase in the urine secretion( urine output). There will be a decrease in the urinary specific gravity. This will lead to an increase in the serum osmolality and hypernatremia.
There are two forms of diabetes insipidus. These are known as central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Central diabetes insipidus / cranial diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of the secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. The common causes include traumatic damage to the hypothalamus or carcinomatous lesion. Synthetic vasopressin is considered as the treatment of choice in patient with cranial diabetes insipidus.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of response of the kidney to ADH. This occurs due to defects in the ADH receptor in the kidney. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with hypercalcemia , inherited disorders or the intake of drugs such as demeclocyline or lithium. Low sodium diet and hydration are considered in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Patient may present with signs of dehydration,polyuria and polydipsia.
Pathologically diabetes insipidus may lead to the inability to retain water which lead to an increase in the urine secretion( urine output). There will be a decrease in the urinary specific gravity. This will lead to an increase in the serum osmolality and hypernatremia.
