Vitamins: Fat-soluble and water-soluble with their deficiency features.
Fat-soluble vitamins Deficiency symptoms
Vitamin A -Toad’s skin (phrenoderma), night blindness, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia,
keratomalacia
Vitamin D- Rickets (before puberty) and osteomalacia (after puberty)
Vitamin E- Dry hair/loss of hair, muscular weakness, leg cramps, mild haemolytic
anaemia, visual scotoma
Vitamin K- Impaired coagulation, bleeding and easy bruising
Water-soluble vitamins Deficiency symptoms
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)= Dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy with wrist/foot drop, Korsakoff’s
psychosis, Wernicke’s encephalopathy), and wet beriberi (anasarca due to
heart failure)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)-Magenta-coloured tongue, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, corneal opacity,
seborrhoeic dermatitis, anaemia, polyneuropathy
Vitamin B3 (niacin)- Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, raw-beefy tongue, pellagra (dermatitis,
dementia, diarrhoea)
Vitamin B5- Fatigue, irritability, burning feet, insomnia
(pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)- Peripheral neuropathy, hypochromic anaemia, cheilosis, glossitis,
convulsions
Vitamin B9 (folate)- Megaloblastic anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, glossitis, cheilosis
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)- Pernicious anaemia (i.e., megaloblastic anaemia), peripheral neuropathy,
sore tongue, optic atrophy, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Vitamin H(biotin) - Alopecia, anaemia, muscle pain, paraesthesia, seborrhoeic dermatitis
Vitamin C Scurvy: Swollen and spongy gum which bleeds easily, perifollicular
(ascorbic acid) haemorrhage, ecchymosis, haemarthrosis, anaemia, poor wound healing.
Fat-soluble vitamins Deficiency symptoms
Vitamin A -Toad’s skin (phrenoderma), night blindness, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia,
keratomalacia
Vitamin D- Rickets (before puberty) and osteomalacia (after puberty)
Vitamin E- Dry hair/loss of hair, muscular weakness, leg cramps, mild haemolytic
anaemia, visual scotoma
Vitamin K- Impaired coagulation, bleeding and easy bruising
Water-soluble vitamins Deficiency symptoms
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)= Dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy with wrist/foot drop, Korsakoff’s
psychosis, Wernicke’s encephalopathy), and wet beriberi (anasarca due to
heart failure)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)-Magenta-coloured tongue, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, corneal opacity,
seborrhoeic dermatitis, anaemia, polyneuropathy
Vitamin B3 (niacin)- Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, raw-beefy tongue, pellagra (dermatitis,
dementia, diarrhoea)
Vitamin B5- Fatigue, irritability, burning feet, insomnia
(pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)- Peripheral neuropathy, hypochromic anaemia, cheilosis, glossitis,
convulsions
Vitamin B9 (folate)- Megaloblastic anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, glossitis, cheilosis
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)- Pernicious anaemia (i.e., megaloblastic anaemia), peripheral neuropathy,
sore tongue, optic atrophy, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Vitamin H(biotin) - Alopecia, anaemia, muscle pain, paraesthesia, seborrhoeic dermatitis
Vitamin C Scurvy: Swollen and spongy gum which bleeds easily, perifollicular
(ascorbic acid) haemorrhage, ecchymosis, haemarthrosis, anaemia, poor wound healing.