Pathophysiology
Behavioral, genetic, medication, or hormonal etiology.
Imbalance between food energy consumed and energy expended.
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to <30 kg/m2.
Obesity is defined as a BMI of >30 kg/m2.
Complications
Degenerative joint disease (DJD).
Cardiovascular, renal, and neural damage related to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia,
resulting in atherosclerosis.
Enlargement and infiltration of the liver with fat.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dumping syndrome related to bariatric surgery.
Intertriginous skin breakdown.
Dyspnea.
Medical Care and Surgical Treatment
Total hip, knee, and ankle replacement.
Angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery.
Oral antidiabetic agents or insulin therapy.
Dialysis.
Bariatric surgery:
Roux-en-Y.
Gastric banding.
Keep in Mind
Reduction of 500 kilocalories (kcal) per day results in weight loss of 1–2 lb/wk.
Walking for 30–60 minutes daily is the safest method of exercise.
Prevention of obesity is the goal. Eat a variety of colorful foods and exercise 35 minutes daily.
Behavioral, genetic, medication, or hormonal etiology.
Imbalance between food energy consumed and energy expended.
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to <30 kg/m2.
Obesity is defined as a BMI of >30 kg/m2.
Complications
Degenerative joint disease (DJD).
Cardiovascular, renal, and neural damage related to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia,
resulting in atherosclerosis.
Enlargement and infiltration of the liver with fat.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dumping syndrome related to bariatric surgery.
Intertriginous skin breakdown.
Dyspnea.
Medical Care and Surgical Treatment
Total hip, knee, and ankle replacement.
Angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery.
Oral antidiabetic agents or insulin therapy.
Dialysis.
Bariatric surgery:
Roux-en-Y.
Gastric banding.
Keep in Mind
Reduction of 500 kilocalories (kcal) per day results in weight loss of 1–2 lb/wk.
Walking for 30–60 minutes daily is the safest method of exercise.
Prevention of obesity is the goal. Eat a variety of colorful foods and exercise 35 minutes daily.